ADDENDUM 2: PRACTICAL METHODOLOGY

I.  Catching & Restraining a Caged, Conscious NonHuman Primate

 NEVER use this method with a macaque monkey

1. An assistant releases lock on pull-bar of cage back.

2. Using squeeze back of cage, assistant immobilizes the Nonhuman Primate.

3. Slowly open door enough to introduce gloved hands into cage.

4. Grasp the forearm of the primate with your opposite hand (i.e., grasp the animal's right hand with your left hand.)

5. Extend the animal's arm and grasp his upper arm with your free hand (you should now have the primate's upper right arm with your right hand or left upper arm with your left hand.)

6. Tell the assistant to "release."

7. As the assistant releases the cage back, pull the primate from the cage in a pre-agreed direction so that the assistant can move in the opposite direction and around the primate.

8. Grasp the primate's free upper arm with your free hand so that you now have control of both of the primate's arms with the primate facing away from your body.

9. Swing the primate to the floor as you adjust your grip on the primate's arm. This will have a calming effect on the primate and give you additional control.

10. Assistant can now grasp the primate's rear legs and you can extend the primate between both of you, better facilitating any temperature or injection techniques.

II.  Intramuscular Injection Technique

1. Calculate dosage.

2. Pull primate to the front of cage.

3. Palpate a large muscle group in lateral thigh area (quadriceps muscles) and carefully insert the needle into the muscle.

4. Aspirate by applying slight negative pressure to the plunger to verify that the needle is properly placed in the muscle and not in a blood vessel. Administer the drug.

III.  Blood Collection

NOTE: All blood collection should be accomplished under anesthesia unless the animal has been properly conditioned

1. Grasp both lower legs with one hand so that the knees are pointing in opposite directions.

2. Identify and disinfect the femoral triangle using 70% Isopropyl alcohol. Allow alcohol to dry, as this is how alcohol disinfects.

3. Using a vacutainer® or syringe with needle (gauge appropriate to the size of the vein being sought) enter the skin at the distal point of the triangle with the needle directed proximally along the long axis of the triangle.

4. Apply vacuum or push the vacutainer tube onto the vacutainer needle.

5. Slowly advance the needle to find and penetrate the vein.

6. Withdraw the desired amount of blood.

7. Withdraw the needle from the skin and immediately apply pressure with a clean 4x4 gauze. Apply pressure for at least one minute, or longer if blood has not coagulated.

IV.  Intravenous Injections

1. Locate the Saphenous vein on the lateral aspect of the hind limb.

2. Using a 22-gauge catheter insert the catheter into the Saphenous vein. Cap the catheter and tape into place.

3. Aspirate to insure you are still in the vein. Inject the drug, watching for perivascular fluid accumulation. If fluid should accumulate, stop injection and remove catheter and restart procedure.

4. Remove the syringe from the catheter.

5. Remove the tape from the leg and catheter.

6. While maintaining direct pressure, with a sterile gauze, at the point of catheter insertion, withdraw the catheter from the vein.

7. Maintain direct pressure until no bleeding is evident from the puncture site.

V.  Administering Intragastric Medication to a NonHuman Primate

1. Draw the calculated dose of medication (or nutrient supplement) into a syringe.

2. Attach an infant feeding tube to the syringe and lubricate the tube with a small amount of K-Y Jelly.

3. Measure the length of tube you want to insert by holding tube next to the primate and measuring from the nose to the last rib.

4. Insert the tube into the ventral-medial corner of the one nostril.

5. Gently push until previously noted length of tube has been inserted. Watch throat to ensure primate is swallowing.

6. Aspirate. If stomach contents or detectable vacuum is noted in the tube, administer 1 ml of medication.

7. Aspirate again to demonstrate stomach contents. Administer remaining medication.

8. Recap or kink tube and slowly remove tube - touch only the syringe.