Administering Pills & Liquids

Your veterinarian will tell you if the medication(s) can be given with food or must be given on an empty stomach. If the tablet or capsule can be given with food, you may make a "meatball" with the medication at the center of a small ball of canned cat food or cheese ("cheeseball"). Always give a test "meatball" to see if the cat will willing eat the "meatball" and see if they chew it or gulp it whole. Cats are more likely to chew their food than are dogs and often will eat the "meatball" and spit out the tablet or capsule. Tablets and especially capsules will partially dissolve and get very slimy and hard to handle after the cat spits them out. If they bite into the tablet or capsule and have a bad taste in their mouth, they will be harder to medicate on the second attempt. You will have do decide what works best with your cat.

The following instructions are presented to help you give medications if you cannot give the medicine in a "meatball". Use caution when giving a cat oral medications to avoid being bit. A cat's mouth contains many bacteria and cat bites are often deep punctures. If you should get bit, clean the wound thoroughly and seek medical attention.

pill, capsule, and liquid forms of medication

Medications for oral administration may be in pill, capsule or liquid form.

Hold the cat's head from the top using your left hand if you are right-handed. The cat's check-bones (called zygomatic arches) provide a convenient handle by which to hold the head firmly without causing the cat any discomfort.

Tilt the head back and the cat will often drop their lower jaw open.

Hold the pill or capsule in your right hand between your thumb and index finger. You can place one of the remaining fingers on your right hand on the lower incisors to keep the lower jaw open. Keep your finger over the small incisor teeth NOT over the sharp fangs (canine teeth). Drop the pill or capsule as far back over the tongue as possible, then immediately close the mouth and blow on the cat's nose which will encourage them to swallow.

dropping the pill back into the open mouth

preparing to insert the pill into a closed mouth cat

If the cat does not open their mouth when you tilt back the head, holding the pill as before between the thumb and index finger...

...use the middle finger of the same hand holding the pill or capsule, to pry open the lower jaw. Place your middle over the small incisor teeth NOT over the sharp fangs (canine teeth)...

prying the cats mouth open with the middle finger

using index finger to pull down the lower jaw

...and pull open the lower jaw.

Keep the middle finger in place to hold the lower jaw open (3), then either drop the pill or capsule as far back on the tongue as possible or the index finger (1) and thumb (2) can be used to push the pill over the back of the tongue. .

placement of the thumb, index finger, and middle finger

pushing the pill over the base of the tongue with the index finger and thumb

IMPORTANT: If you use your thumb and index finger to push the pill over the base of the tongue, your fingers will be inside the cat's mouth and you must work rapidly to avoid getting bit.

Close the mouth and stroke the cat's neck or blow sharply on his/her nose to encourage the cat to swallow.

There are several styles of pilling devices that can used to place a pill or capsule over the base of the tongue so that you do not have to place your fingers in the cat's mouth.

There are several ways to hold the pilling device.

holding the pilling device between the thumb, middle, and index finger

holding the pilling device with the index finger positioned to push the trigger

You can hold the device between your thumb and middle finger, either with the index finger positioned to "push" the trigger or to prevent premature release of the pill, you may move the index finger to push the trigger just before dislodging the pill in the back of the throat.

holding the pilling device with the palm of the hand

holding the pilling device with the thumb positioned to push the trigger

You can hold the device between curled fingers and palm either with the thumb positioned to "push" the trigger or to prevent premature release of the pill, you may move the thumb to push the trigger just before dislodging the pill in the back of the throat.

holding the device between the index and middle fingers

Or you can hold the device between the index and middle fingers with the thumb positioned to "push" the trigger.

Tilt the head back and the cat will often drop their lower jaw open. Insert the pill at the end of the pilling device over the base of the tongue.

inserting the pilling device in the cats mouth

holding the pilling device and prying the cats mouth open with the same hand

If the cat doesn't open it's mouth, use the middle finger of the hand holding the pilling device to open the lower jaw.

Insert the pill at the end of the pilling device over the base of the tongue.

inserting the pill at the base of the tongue

Push the plunger on the pilling device with your thumb or index finger to deposit the pill far back in the cat's mouth.

Liquid medications are given in a pouch between the teeth and cheek. The medication is quickly squirted into this pouch, the mouth is held closed and the neck stroked or the nose sharply blown on to encourage the cat to swallow.

Liquids are more likely to accidentally enter the windpipe compared to pills or capsules. To avoid the cat inhaling liquid into the windpipe, DO NOT tilt the cat's head backward.

inserting medication into the side of the cats mouth with an eye dropper

If you find it difficult to give your cat a pill or capsule, speak to your veterinarian about suspending the pill or capsule into a liquid. Some medications can be suspending in liquid while others lose their effectiveness when placed in a suspension. Always talk to your veterinarian before altering the medication.

as seen on the Washington State University website

IACUC Learning Module - Cats

Procedure for Administering Pills & Liquids